Georgian Grammar
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Nouns
Georgian has no word for the,a or an. +'#75, teat'ri can mean "a theater" or "the theater" depending on the context.
Nouns change their endings depending on how they are used in a sentence. The basic forms with their grammatical descriptions are:
| Nominative | various |
| Genitive | -is; -s |
| Dative | -s |
| Instrumental | -it |
| Ergative | -m; -ma |
Clock
| saati | the clock |
| saats | to the clock |
| saatis | of the clock |
| saatit | with the clock |
There is no separate word for
"of", but the genitive gives you the same meaning. Tamrik'os
televizori-the television of Tamriko.
Some words will change slightly depending on the ending they
take:
dukani 'shop' duknis 'of the
shop'.
Plurals simply add the case endings to the plural marker -ebi.
saati 'clock' saatebi 'clocks'.
This may sometimes create a change in form:
ts'eli 'year' ts'lebi 'years'.
The vocative case is used when addressing people, such as Bat'ono!
Sir!
Adjectives
Adjectives are like nouns in that they take the same endings. They always come before the noun. Ex:
akhali
'new'-----------akhali mankana 'new
car'
dzweli 'old'--------------dzweli mankana
'old car'
Adverbs
Most adverbs have a single form which never changes. Most add -ad to the end of an adjective.
| k'argad | well |
| tsudad | badly |
| ak | here |
| nela | slowly |
| ik | there |
| ekhla | now |
| gushin | tomorrow |
Postpositions
Georgian has
postpositions, where words like 'in', 'at' and 'behind' come after
the noun and not before it as in English. They generally take
dative or genitive endings and most are joined to the word
itself.
| -shi | in,to,into | -ze | onto,on |
| -tan | near,at | -vit | like |
| -twis | for | -gan | from,by |
| -dan | from(a place) | shua | between |
| -k'en | towards | -mdis, -mde | until |
sakartveloshi 6#;#5+-'.2>, in Georgia
inglisidan ,0%.,6,� from England
Usually, though, the sense of the English preposition is rendered
by 'preverbs'.